diff --git a/.changeset/reset-item-size.md b/.changeset/reset-item-size.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10a45e5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/reset-item-size.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/virtual-core': minor
+---
+
+Add `resetItemSize(index)` to forget one item's measured size, for content that changed shape while its key stayed the same. The item falls back to `estimateSize` until it is measured again, that measurement counts as a first one for scroll anchoring, and `takeSnapshot()` leaves the item out until then. A rendered item is measured again right away.
diff --git a/docs/api/virtualizer.md b/docs/api/virtualizer.md
index a5715fbc1..6717af2da 100644
--- a/docs/api/virtualizer.md
+++ b/docs/api/virtualizer.md
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ Returns the total size in pixels for the virtualized items. This measurement wil
 measure: () => void
 ```
 
-Resets any prev item measurements.
+Resets any prev item measurements. To forget one item's size, use `resetItemSize`.
 
 ### `takeSnapshot`
 
@@ -570,6 +570,16 @@ You can also use this method with a throttled ResizeObserver instead of `Virtual
 
 > ⚠️ Please be aware that manually changing the size of an item when using `Virtualizer.measureElement` to monitor that item, will result in unpredictable behaviour as the `Virtualizer.measureElement` is also changing the size. However you can use one of resizeItem or measureElement in the same virtualizer instance but on different item indexes.
 
+### `resetItemSize`
+
+```tsx
+resetItemSize: (index: number) => void
+```
+
+Forgets the measured size of the item at `index`. Use it when an item's content changes shape while its key stays the same (a group expands or collapses, a message is edited) and the item may not be rendered, so nothing measures it again until it scrolls back into view.
+
+The item falls back to `estimateSize` until it is measured again, and `takeSnapshot()` leaves it out until then. That measurement counts as a first one, so the scroll position is corrected for it even while scrolling backward. If the item is rendered, it is measured again right away instead.
+
 ### `scrollRect`
 
 ```tsx
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
index bd6e7cb23..a9432336e 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
@@ -2045,6 +2045,37 @@ export class Virtualizer<
   }
 
   resizeItem = (index: number, size: number) => {
+    this._resizeItem(index, size)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Forgets the measured size of the item at `index`, for content that
+   * changed shape while its key stayed the same. The item falls back to
+   * `estimateSize` until it is measured again, that measurement counts as a
+   * first one, and `takeSnapshot()` leaves the item out until then. A
+   * rendered item is measured again right away instead.
+   */
+  resetItemSize = (index: number) => {
+    if (!this.isIndexInRange(index)) return
+    const key = this.options.getItemKey(index)
+    const node = this.elementsCache.get(key)
+    if (!node?.isConnected || this.options.useCachedMeasurements) {
+      this._resizeItem(index, null)
+      return
+    }
+    // The default `measureElement` answers from the cache when it has the
+    // key, so take it out while the element is read. Put it back for
+    // `_resizeItem`: the change is measured against it, as a re-measurement.
+    const cachedSize = this.itemSizeCache.get(key)
+    this.itemSizeCache.delete(key)
+    const size = this.options.measureElement(node, undefined, this)
+    if (cachedSize !== undefined) this.itemSizeCache.set(key, cachedSize)
+    this._resizeItem(index, size)
+  }
+
+  // `size` null forgets the item's measured size (`resetItemSize`): the
+  // layout falls back to its estimate, anchored like a first measurement.
+  private _resizeItem = (index: number, size: number | null) => {
     if (!this.isIndexInRange(index)) return
 
     // An earlier entry in this ResizeObserver batch moved `scrollOffset`.
@@ -2075,7 +2106,7 @@ export class Virtualizer<
     }
 
     const itemSize = this.itemSizeCache.get(key) ?? cachedSize
-    const delta = size - itemSize
+    const delta = (size ?? this.options.estimateSize(index)) - itemSize
 
     if (delta !== 0) {
       const wasAtEnd =
@@ -2086,7 +2117,7 @@ export class Virtualizer<
       // Default anchoring predicate (used unless the consumer supplies a
       // custom shouldAdjustScrollPositionOnItemSizeChange).
       const scrollOffset = this.getScrollOffset()
-      const isFirstMeasure = !this.itemSizeCache.has(key)
+      const isFirstMeasure = size === null || !this.itemSizeCache.has(key)
       const defaultShouldAdjust = isFirstMeasure
         ? // First measurement: compensate any item whose top sits above the
           // fold — the estimate→actual delta must be corrected regardless of
@@ -2123,8 +2154,16 @@ export class Virtualizer<
       if (this.pendingMin === null || index < this.pendingMin) {
         this.pendingMin = index
       }
-      this.itemSizeCache.set(key, size)
+      if (size === null) {
+        this.itemSizeCache.delete(key)
+      } else {
+        this.itemSizeCache.set(key, size)
+      }
       this.itemSizeCacheVersion++
+      // Without a cache entry, the layout is the only record of the item's
+      // size: rebuild it now, or a change to the item before the next read
+      // starts from the size it was reset from.
+      if (size === null) this.getMeasurements()
 
       // Before a command's read-back, an index or end target is retargeted
       // from fresh measurements by reconcileScroll next frame; an offset
@@ -2165,6 +2204,11 @@ export class Virtualizer<
       // `_willUpdate` (#1266).
       this._flushHoldIfReady(true)
       this._retryClampedAdjustment()
+    } else if (size === null) {
+      // Measured at its estimate: nothing moves, but it is no longer measured.
+      // A pending rebuild still has to land, as above.
+      this.itemSizeCache.delete(key)
+      this.getMeasurements()
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/tests/measurement.test.ts b/packages/virtual-core/tests/measurement.test.ts
index a53db446c..32e38a8f9 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/tests/measurement.test.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/tests/measurement.test.ts
@@ -887,11 +887,16 @@ function setupResizeBatch(onChange: (instance: any, sync: boolean) => void) {
     frames.clear()
     queued.forEach((callback) => callback(0))
   }
+  const scroll = (offset: number) => {
+    el.scrollTop = offset
+    setOffset(offset, true)
+  }
   return {
     virtualizer,
     sizes,
     node,
     deliver,
+    scroll,
     observe,
     unobserve,
     frames,
@@ -999,6 +1004,148 @@ test.each(['removed', 'replaced', 'disconnected'] as const)(
   },
 )
 
+// ─── resetItemSize ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function createListVirtualizer() {
+  const el = {
+    scrollTop: 0,
+    scrollHeight: 10000,
+    clientHeight: 200,
+    ownerDocument: { defaultView: null },
+  } as unknown as HTMLDivElement
+  const virtualizer = new Virtualizer({
+    count: 100,
+    estimateSize: () => 50,
+    getScrollElement: () => el,
+    scrollToFn: vi.fn(),
+    observeElementRect: (_instance, cb) => {
+      cb({ width: 400, height: 200 })
+    },
+    observeElementOffset: (_instance, cb) => {
+      cb(0, false)
+    },
+  })
+  virtualizer._willUpdate()
+  virtualizer.getVirtualItems()
+  return virtualizer
+}
+
+test('resetItemSize returns an item that is not rendered to its estimate', () => {
+  const virtualizer = createListVirtualizer()
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(0, 120)
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(5, 80)
+  virtualizer.getVirtualItems()
+
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(0)
+
+  expect(virtualizer.getOffsetForIndex(3, 'start')?.[0]).toBe(150)
+  expect(
+    virtualizer.takeSnapshot().map(({ key, size }) => ({ key, size })),
+  ).toEqual([{ key: 5, size: 80 }])
+})
+
+test('resetItemSize forgets an item measured at its estimate', () => {
+  const virtualizer = createListVirtualizer()
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(5, 80)
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(5, 50)
+
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(5)
+
+  expect(virtualizer.takeSnapshot()).toEqual([])
+})
+
+test('resetItemSize below an index resized since the last read', () => {
+  const virtualizer = createListVirtualizer()
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(3, 200)
+  virtualizer.getVirtualItems()
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(10, 100)
+
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(3)
+
+  expect(virtualizer.getTotalSize()).toBe(5050)
+})
+
+test('resetItemSize reads a rendered element, not its cached size', () => {
+  const virtualizer = createListVirtualizer()
+  const node = {
+    getAttribute: (name: string) => (name === 'data-index' ? '2' : null),
+    isConnected: true,
+    offsetHeight: 80,
+  }
+  virtualizer.measureElement(node as unknown as HTMLDivElement)
+  node.offsetHeight = 140
+
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(2)
+
+  expect(virtualizer.getOffsetForIndex(3, 'start')?.[0]).toBe(240)
+})
+
+test('resetItemSize measures a rendered item as a re-measurement', () => {
+  const { virtualizer, sizes } = setupResizeBatch((instance) => {
+    instance.getVirtualItems()
+  })
+
+  // Item 4 spans the fold, so its growth is below the anchor point (#1218).
+  sizes.set(4, 150)
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(4)
+
+  expect(virtualizer.getMeasurements()[4]!.size).toBe(150)
+  expect(virtualizer.scrollOffset).toBe(450)
+})
+
+test.each([
+  {
+    before: 'another reset',
+    apply: (v: Virtualizer<any, any>) => v.resetItemSize(2),
+  },
+  {
+    before: 'a resize to its estimate',
+    apply: (v: Virtualizer<any, any>) => v.resizeItem(2, 90),
+  },
+])(
+  'resetItemSize after $before, before the layout is read again: the next change starts from the estimate',
+  ({ apply }) => {
+    // onChange does not read the layout, as with an adapter that renders later.
+    const { virtualizer, sizes, node, deliver } = setupResizeBatch(() => {})
+
+    // Item 2 (200..300) is not rendered: back at its estimate (90), it moves
+    // the rows below it up by 10, once.
+    node(2).isConnected = false
+    apply(virtualizer)
+    virtualizer.resetItemSize(2)
+    expect(virtualizer.scrollOffset).toBe(440)
+
+    node(2).isConnected = true
+    sizes.set(2, 160)
+    deliver([2])
+
+    expect(virtualizer.scrollOffset).toBe(510)
+  },
+)
+
+test('resetItemSize anchors like a first measurement, also while scrolling backward', () => {
+  const { virtualizer, sizes, node, deliver, scroll } = setupResizeBatch(
+    (instance) => {
+      instance.getVirtualItems()
+    },
+  )
+
+  // A re-measurement above the viewport is not compensated while scrolling
+  // backward; a first measurement is. Item 2 (200..300) is not rendered:
+  // back at its estimate (90), it moves the rows below it up by 10.
+  scroll(300)
+  node(2).isConnected = false
+  virtualizer.resetItemSize(2)
+  expect(virtualizer.scrollOffset).toBe(290)
+
+  // Still scrolling up, it renders again at 160.
+  node(2).isConnected = true
+  sizes.set(2, 160)
+  deliver([2])
+
+  expect(virtualizer.scrollOffset).toBe(360)
+})
+
 // ─── useAnimationFrameWithResizeObserver: frames of the scroll element's window
 
 // A window other than the global one, as for a list rendered into a