diff --git a/.changeset/measured-lane-at-estimate.md b/.changeset/measured-lane-at-estimate.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3dc8774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/measured-lane-at-estimate.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/virtual-core': patch
+---
+
+Keep the lane of a row measured at exactly its estimate in `laneAssignmentMode: 'measured'`. Such a row never had its lane cached, so a row growing above it could move it to another lane.
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
index bd6e7cb2..410425ac 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
@@ -2165,6 +2165,17 @@ export class Virtualizer<
       // `_willUpdate` (#1266).
       this._flushHoldIfReady(true)
       this._retryClampedAdjustment()
+    } else if (
+      this.options.lanes > 1 &&
+      !this.options.useCachedMeasurements &&
+      !this.laneAssignments.has(index)
+    ) {
+      // Measured at its estimate, so no rebuild will cache its lane. A single
+      // lane has none to cache, a size under useCachedMeasurements is not a
+      // measurement, and a lane already cached (as always in 'estimate' mode)
+      // must not change.
+      const item = this.getMeasurements()[index]
+      if (item) this.laneAssignments.set(index, item.lane)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/tests/index.test.ts b/packages/virtual-core/tests/index.test.ts
index 7e609fd2..fd4272f3 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/tests/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/tests/index.test.ts
@@ -200,6 +200,73 @@ test("should defer lane caching until measurement when laneAssignmentMode is 'me
   expect(lanesBeforeResize).toEqual(lanesAfterResize)
 })
 
+const measuredLanes = () => {
+  const virtualizer = new Virtualizer({
+    count: 8,
+    lanes: 2,
+    estimateSize: () => 100,
+    laneAssignmentMode: 'measured',
+    getScrollElement: () => null,
+    scrollToFn: vi.fn(),
+    observeElementRect: vi.fn(),
+    observeElementOffset: vi.fn(),
+  })
+  const lanes = () => virtualizer['getMeasurements']().map((m) => m.lane)
+  lanes()
+  return { virtualizer, lanes }
+}
+
+test("should keep the lane of a row measured at its estimate when laneAssignmentMode is 'measured'", () => {
+  const { virtualizer, lanes } = measuredLanes()
+  const before = lanes()
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) virtualizer.resizeItem(i, 100)
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(1, 500)
+
+  expect(lanes()).toEqual(before)
+})
+
+test('should keep the lane of a row measured at its estimate after a row above it changed in the same batch', () => {
+  const { virtualizer, lanes } = measuredLanes()
+
+  // Rows 2 and on are measured after row 1 changed, with no rebuild in between.
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(1, 300)
+  for (let i = 2; i < 8; i++) virtualizer.resizeItem(i, 100)
+  const before = lanes()
+  expect(before).toEqual([0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+  virtualizer.resizeItem(1, 500)
+
+  expect(lanes()).toEqual(before)
+})
+
+test.each([{ lanes: 1 }, { lanes: 2, useCachedMeasurements: true }])(
+  'should not cache a lane for a size equal to the estimate with %o',
+  (options) => {
+    const virtualizer = new Virtualizer({
+      count: 4,
+      estimateSize: () => 100,
+      laneAssignmentMode: 'measured',
+      getScrollElement: () => null,
+      scrollToFn: vi.fn(),
+      observeElementRect: vi.fn(),
+      observeElementOffset: vi.fn(),
+      ...options,
+    })
+    virtualizer['getMeasurements']()
+
+    virtualizer.resizeItem(0, 100)
+
+    expect(virtualizer['laneAssignments'].size).toBe(0)
+  },
+)
+
+test("should not throw when a row is measured at its estimate right after 'enabled' turns off", () => {
+  const { virtualizer } = measuredLanes()
+  virtualizer.setOptions({ ...virtualizer.options, enabled: false })
+
+  expect(() => virtualizer.resizeItem(0, 100)).not.toThrow()
+})
+
 test("should cache lanes incrementally as items are measured when laneAssignmentMode is 'measured'", () => {
   const virtualizer = new Virtualizer({
     count: 4,
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/tests/lane-equivalence.test.ts b/packages/virtual-core/tests/lane-equivalence.test.ts
index 60bc2b66..0ba218fe 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/tests/lane-equivalence.test.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/tests/lane-equivalence.test.ts
@@ -285,7 +285,8 @@ describe('multi-lane placement equivalence under measured-mode rebuilds', () =>
         const gap = Math.floor(rng() * 10)
         const paddingStart = Math.floor(rng() * 30)
         const scrollMargin = Math.floor(rng() * 30)
-        const estimateSize = (i: number) => 20 + ((i * 37) % 90)
+        // Fractional, so a measurement below never equals its estimate.
+        const estimateSize = (i: number) => 20.5 + ((i * 37) % 90)
 
         const reference = new ReferenceVirtualizer({
           count,